Growing Manual for Alstroemeria

Growing Manual for Alstroemeria

  1. Introduction:

    Alstroemeria, commonly known as Peruvian lily or lily of the Incas, is a popular flowering plant known for its vibrant, long-lasting blooms. This manual provides comprehensive guidelines for successful Alstroemeria cultivation, from propagation to post-harvest handling.

  2. Botanical Information:

    • Scientific Name: Alstroemeria spp.
    • Family: Alstroemeriaceae
    • Common Names: Peruvian Lily, Lily of the Incas
    • Origin: South America (mainly Chile and Brazil)
    • Growth Type: Herbaceous perennial

  3. Climate and Growing Conditions:

    • Hardiness Zones: Alstroemeria thrives in USDA zones 7-11.
    • Temperature: Ideal daytime temperatures range from 60-75°F (15-24°C), with nighttime temperatures no lower than 50°F (10°C).
    • Light: Requires full sun to partial shade. Protect from harsh midday sun in hot climates.
    • Humidity: Prefers moderate humidity levels.

  4. Soil and Substrate:

    • Organic Media Specification:
      • Water Holding Capacity: 50-60% of substrate volume.
      • CEC: Generally around 10-20 meq/100g.
      • Air Porosity: 20-30%.
    • Water Holding Capacity: Determined by the weight difference before and after saturating a known volume of substrate.
    • Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC): Assessed using a standard soil test method with ammonium acetate extraction.
    • Air Porosity: Calculated by filling a container with substrate and measuring the volume of water that drains out
    • pH Level: 6.0-6.5
    • Texture: Well-draining, loamy soil with good aeration.
    • Organic Matter: Incorporate well-rotted compost or organic matter for nutrient-rich soil.
    • Soil Amendment: Consider using a cocopeat or coir-based substrate to improve moisture retention and aeration.

  5. Propagation:

    • Methods: Division of established clumps, rhizome cuttings, or seeds.
    • Timing: Division is best done in early spring, while rhizome cuttings can be taken in late winter. Seeds are sown in early spring.
    • Propagation Medium: Use a well-draining seed starting mix for rhizome cuttings and seeds.

  6. Planting:

    • Spacing: Plant rhizomes 12-18 inches apart, allowing ample space for growth.
    • Depth: Plant rhizomes 3-4 inches deep with the growing tips facing upwards.
    • Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch to conserve soil moisture and regulate temperature.

  7. Watering and Irrigation:

    • Frequency: Keep soil consistently moist, but not waterlogged. Water deeply to encourage root development.
    • Avoid Overhead Watering: Direct water towards the base of the plant to prevent foliage diseases.
    • Drip Irrigation: Consider using a drip irrigation system for efficient watering.

  8. Fertilization:

    • Timing: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring and again in mid-summer.
    • Nutrient Composition: Balanced NPK ratio with micronutrients.
    • Avoid Excessive Nitrogen: Excess nitrogen can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of blooms.

  9. Pest and Disease Management:

    • Monitor Regularly: Inspect plants for signs of pests (e.g., aphids, spider mites) and diseases (e.g., powdery mildew).
    • Natural Predators: Encourage beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings.
    • Organic Pest Control: Use insecticidal soap or neem oil for minor pest issues.

  10. Training and Support:

    • Staking: Provide support for tall varieties to prevent bending or breakage.
    • Deadheading: Remove spent blooms to encourage continuous flowering.

  11. Harvesting:

    • Timing: Harvest when flowers are in bud stage, showing color but not fully open.
    • Cutting Technique: Use clean, sharp shears to make a diagonal cut just above a leaf node.

  12. Post-harvest Handling:

    • Remove Foliage: Trim leaves that will be below the water line to prevent bacterial growth.
    • Water Conditioning: Dip stems in warm water with floral preservative.
    • Storage: Store in a cool, dark place with good air circulation.

  13. Common Issues and Troubleshooting:

    • Yellowing Leaves: Can indicate overwatering or nutrient deficiency. Adjust watering and fertilization.
    • Fungal Diseases: Ensure proper air circulation and consider using a fungicidal spray in humid conditions.